Establishing a FORRU requires working with people from all sectors of society from
high-ranking government officials to local villagers.
Working with protected area (PA) staff
As biodiversity recovery is one of the principal aims of forest restoration, nature reserves and national parks are ideal locations for nurseries and field trials. Support from the person in charge of a protected area is therefore essential. The PA authority might be able to grant permission for the construction of a nursery and the establishment of field trials on PA land, provided such activities are in accordance with the area’s management plan. When drafting funding applications, consider including the salary of one or more members staff, to assist with the activities of the unit such as
- If field trials contribute to increased forest cover, PA will probably want to be involved in tree planting events and in the maintenance of the planted trees.
- Vehicles owned by the PA might be available for transporting trees, nursery supplies and planting materials around the area.
The importance of working with communities
Developing working relationships with communities is essential to prevent misunderstandings about the aims of the work, and to diffuse any potential conflicts over the positioning of forest restoration plots. A good relationship with local people provides with three important resources:
- indigenous knowledge
- a source of labour
- an opportunity to test the practicability of research results
The establishment of field plots, maintenance and monitoring of planted trees, and fire prevention are labour-intensive activities. Local people should be the first to be offered such work and to benefit from payments for it. This helps to build a sense of ‘stewardship’ of the forest restoration plots, which increases support for the work at the community level.
The species choices and propagation methods developed by a researcher must be acceptable to local people. Establishing a community tree nursery where local people can test the techniques developed and ensure that community nurseries produce trees close to planting sites to reduce transportation costs.
Working with foreign institutes and advisors
Expertise and advice from foreign organisations can greatly accelerate the establishment of a unit and prevent the duplication of work that has already been done elsewhere, and is unlikely that a unit will have the funds necessary to pay international consultancy fees to foreign experts.
- Foreign institutions: contribute to unit workshops on nursery production techniques, seed handling or other topics. Some institutions might be able to accept FORRU staff for short periods of training.
- Advisors: provide expertise in specialist disciplines, such as plant taxonomy.
Obtaining funding
For financial stability, it is best to maintain a varied ‘portfolio’ of different sources of research funding by dividing the work of the unit into clearly defined research areas (e.g., forest ecology, tree propagation and biodiversity recovery), each one supported by a different funding mechanism with different start and finish dates.
Research funding can be obtained from a wide range of different organisations. Multinational or international aid agencies (e.g., the European Union (EU) or the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)) can provide large grants for large projects, but they usually impose complicated and time-consuming application and reporting procedures, to maintain accountability and transparency to their donor governments.
The market value of biodiversity
Restoring the supply of forest products to communities provides a powerful motive for local people to plant trees. It is a directly measurable value of forest restoration. The value of tropical forest products can be calculated from market prices and traded volumes. At least 150 different forest products, including rattan, bamboo, nuts, essential oils and pharmaceuticals. Income from the extraction of forest products can only be maintained if such products are harvested sustainably and the benefits shared fairly amongst community members. In addition, income from ecotourism is another way to value the return of biodiversity resulting from forest restoration.
For more detailed advice on socio-economic aspects of implementing forest restoration projects, please read Chapter 8 of "Restoring Tropical Forests". For a detailed case study of our work with local communities, please read this paper. Click on the "Related Items" panel FORRU-CMU's key papers, which focus on socio-economic aspects of forest restoration. The Regional Community Forestry Training Centre (on Kasetsart University Campus, Bangkok) specializes in the socio-economics of forestry and runs frequent training courses.
1: Financial analysis of potential carbon value over 14 years of forest restoration using the framework species method
Abstract: The carbon storage value of forest restoration, by the framework species method (FSM) in northern Thailand, was assessed for trees (using a partial harvesting technique) and soil and...
2: Ten guidelines for tree planting initiatives to optimise carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits
ABSTRACT: Urgent solutions to global climate change are needed. Ambitious tree‐planting initiatives, many already underway, aim to sequester enormous quantities of carbon to partly compensate for...
3: Agroforestry options for degraded landscapes in Southeast Asia
ABSTRACT: In Southeast Asia 8.5% of the global human population lives on 3.0% of the land area. With 7.9% of the global agricultural land base, the region has 14.7% and 28.9% of such land with at...
4: Social, economic and legal issues of automated forest restoration
ABSTRACT: Practitioners often concentrate most on the technical aspects of forest restoration and less on the social aspects, whilst often ignoring legal aspects. Social considerations include...
5: The science and sociology of restoring Asia’s tropical forest ecosystems
ABSTRACT: Thirty years ago, reforestation in the tropics meant planting monocultures of economic trees. Ecosystem restoration was rarely practised, due to lack of effective techniques. Since then,...
6: Collaboration and conflict - developing forest restoration techniques for northern Thailand’s upper watersheds whilst meeting the needs of science and communities
ABSTRACT: This paper describes an early example of Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR), which resulted from collaboration between a university, local community, and national park authority in the...
7: The interface between forest science and policy—a review of the IUFRO international and multidisciplinary scientific conference 4–7 October 2016: forestry-related policy and governance: analyses in the environmental social sciences
ABSTRACT: This commentary uses the experience of attending the “Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Forestry-related Policy and Governance” to contrast the lack of progress with...
8: Where science meets communities: developing forest restoration approaches for northern Thailand
ABSTRACT: This paper contrasts lessons learned from two forest restoration research projects in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, near Chiang Mai City, northern Thailand, which combined science with...
9: Integrating scientific research with community needs to restore a forest landscape in northern Thailand: a case study of Ban Mae Sa Mai
This book chapter was the first attempt to write up our collaborative work with the Hmong community of Ban Mae Sa Mai as a case study – exploring interactions between the scientific and...
10: Book Review: Regreening the Bare Hills: Tropical Forest Restoration in the Asia-Pacific Region by David Lamb.
Image David Lamb, one of the founding fathers of forest restoration science in the Asia Pacific region, and an enthusiastic patron of FORRU-CMU, penned "Regreeening...